Preamble > Indian Constitution

The draft of the Preamble was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13th December, 1947, and is based on “Objective resolutions” picked from the American model. It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly 22 January 1947. The objective resolution” passed by J.L. Nehru and passed by the Constituent Assembly, ultimately became the preamble.

The Constitution of India is preceded by a preamble which

1. Indicates the source from which it derives authority;
2. States the objective which the constitution seeks to achieve.

The edifice of our Constitution is based upon the basic elements mentioned in the preamble. If any of these elements are removed, the structure will not survive and it will not be the same constitution or it cannot maintain its identity.

Text of Preamble:

WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, have solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all citizens: JUSTICE social economic and political; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949 , do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

⇒ The keyword mentioned in the Preamble are Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic, Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. These draw its authority from the people, and intends to provide to its citizens. It aims at securing a fraternity based on the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation.

⇒ The word sovereign means that India is both internally as well as externally free and is not dependent upon any outside authority. The term’ socialism‘ in the Preamble refers to some form of ownership of means of production and distribution by the state. The term Democratic implies that the government draws its authority from the people. Republic implies that the head of the state in India shall be an elected person and shall hold office for a fixed term. The President of India is the chief executive head of India.

⇒ The Preamble is not enforceable in a court of law, but it provides a key to interpretation of the Constitution.

Also read :

• GK> Schedules of Indian Constitution
• GK> 22 Parts of The Constitution of India – List

List of All 22 Parts of The Indian Constitution PDF

At present (2017 2018 2019 2020):

All the 22 or 25 parts of the constitutions of India are very important for all types of competitive examinations like Banking, railways, CGL, SSC, MTS, UPSC, IAS Railway, Banking PO etc. So you have to remember all these parts for general knowledge.

The constitution is the fundamental law of a country which ordains the fundamental principles on which the government of that country is based. It lay down the framework and principle functions of various organs of the government as well as the modalities of interaction between the government and its citizens. Here is a brief description of all the 22 parts of the constitution of India.

Download 448 Articles of the Indian Constitution [PDF]

Part I :

Article 1 to 4 belongs to part I of the Indian Constitution. This part deals with the territory of India, formation of new states, alterations of areal boundary, names of existing states.

Part II :

Part II contains Article 5 to 11. It deals with various rights of citizenship.

Part III :

Article 12 to 35. Deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens. Article 31 dealing with the right to property was deleted by 44th amendment.

Part IV :

Article 35 to 51. Deals with Directive Principles of State Policy. This policy aim at establishing social and economic democracy in the country.

Part IV-A :

Article 51-A. This part added by 42nd amendment in 1976. It contains the duties of the citizens. It out line the duties of the Indian citizens.

Part V:

Article 52 to 151. This part deals with government at the Union Level. Duties and function of PM, Ministers, President Attorney General, Parliament – Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, Comptroller and Auditor General. Article 77 stipulates that all executive orders of the Government of India shall be taken in the name of the President.

Read More: GK> Preamble of Indian Constitution – Study Notes

Part VI :

Article 152 to 237. Deals with government at State Level. Article 152 exempts Jammu and Kashmir form the category of ordinary States. duties and functions of Chief Minister and his ministers, Governor, State legislature, High Court, Advocate General of the State.

Part VII :

Article 238. Deals with State, was deleted in 1956 by the 7th Amendment Act, 1956.

Part VIII:

Article 239 to 241. This part deals with Union Territories. Contains provisions regarding the administration of union territories.

Part IX :

Part IX consists of two parts.

1. Added by 73rd amendment Act, 1992. It contains a new schedule ‘Schedule Eleven”. It contains 29 subjects related to panchayat Raj. They have been given administrative powers.
2. Added by 74th amendment Act, 1992. It contains a new schedule “Schedule Twelve“. It contains 18 subjects related to Municipalities. They have been given administrative powers.

Part X :

Article 244 and 244-A belongs to this part. It deals with Scheduled and Tribal Area.

You may like: GK> Schedules of Indian Constitution

part XI :

Article 245 to 263 belongs to this part. It deals with relation between Union and States and deals with legislative relations.

Part XII :

Article 264 to 300. Deals with distribution of revenue between Union and States, appointed of Finance Commission contracts, liabilities etc.

part XIII :

This part contains Article 301 to 307. It relates to trade, commerce and intercourse within the Territory of India.

Part XIV :

Article 308 to 323. It deals with UPSC and Public Service Commissions.

Part XIV-A :

Article 323a, and 323B are contained in this part. It added by 42nd amendment in 1976. Deals with administrative tribunals set up by Parliament to hear disputes and complaints regarding Union, States or local govt. employees.

Also Read: History> List of Governor-Generals & Viceroys of Bengal & India PDF

Part XV :

Article 324 and 329 are belong to this part. It deals with elections or election commission.

Part XVI :

Article 330 to 342. Deals with special provisions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indian Representation.

Part XVII :

This part contains Article 343 to 351. It relates to the official language.

Part XVIII :

Article 352 to 360. It deals with emergency provisions.

Part XIX :

Article 361 to 367. Exemption of criminal proceedings for their official acts of President and Governors.

Part XX :

Only Article 368 contained in this part. It deals with amendment of the constitution.

Part XXI :

Article 369 to 392.  Article 369 gives temporary powers to the Parliament to make laws for the State list. Article 370 contains temporary provisions of Jammu and Kashmir. It restricts the parliament to make laws for that state.

Article 371-A to 371-I relates to special provisions for Maharashtra, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and Goa.

Part XXII :

This part contains Article 393 to 395. It concerns the short title, commencement and repeal of the Constitution of India.

Although the systems of ancient India do have their reflections in the Constitution of India, the direct sources of the Constitution lie in the administrative and legislative developments of the British period.

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